The way which America enforces its drug laws has been racist since its inception.
Across racial and ethnic groups, Americans use and sell drugs at comparable
rates, but law enforcement has selectively
targeted Black and brown people for stops, arrests, prosecution, and
imprisonment at wildly disproportionate rates.
This race-based enforcement is not only limited to a handful
of police departments, regions of the country, or political ideologies. Rather,
it has defined American policing across the board, from severely segregated
cities in the Midwest to the beacons of progressive politics in the Northeast
and West Coast.
So it should come as no surprise that in 2013, when the San Francisco Police Department (SFPD) teamed up with the U.S. Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA) to go after people selling small amounts of drugs in the city’s Tenderloin District, the SFPD focused on Black people. Even though people of all races engage in the Tenderloin’s drug trade, and 40 percent of those are white and Latinx, all 37 individuals federally prosecuted in the two SFPD/DEA operations were Black. One SFPD officer involved in the operation was captured on video ignoring an Asian-American person engaged in drug activity in favor of arresting a Black person instead. Another officer was heard saying “fucking BMs” (i.e., Black males) as the camera was focused on a group of Black men and women.
Why would the SFPD
target Black people specifically for federal prosecution? Because federal drug
laws carry harsher punishment — including mandatory minimum sentences — than
charges brought in state court. Further, studies have repeatedly shown that
Black people are charged and sentenced more harshly
than similarly situated white people in federal court.
After the prosecutions were
consolidated into a single case (over the government’s objection), a federal district
court judge found
that there was “substantial evidence suggestive of racially selective enforcement
by the [police department].” He ordered the police department to produce further
discovery in response to several defendants’ motion
seeking evidence proving that the SFPD had impermissibly targeted them because
of their race. The U.S. Attorney eventually dismissed the cases rather than
expose evidence of police wrongdoing. The government’s actions in the
case were a part of a long standing tradition that uses the so-called War on
Drugs to selectively target marginalized groups, including Blacks, Mexicans,
and Chinese.
That is when the American
Civil Liberties Union, the ACLU of Northern California, and the law firm Durie
Tangri LLP sued the SFPD on behalf of the Black people whose constitutional
rights had been violated.
In a groundbreaking
victory, the plaintiffs have reached a settlement
with the City of San Francisco under which each client will be compensated for
the harm they suffered at the hands of the SFPD. Moving forward, San
Francisco’s Department of Police Accountability will now include a “racial
bias” category on its complaint form and in its intake process for anyone who
feels that they have been mistreated by the police because of their race.
This victory
is significant because what happened to our clients has been business as usual
for the SFPD and police departments across the country for quite some time. The
SFPD’s long history of racially discriminatory law enforcement has
been documented through reports published by a range of organizations and
agencies, including the Hayward
Burns Justice Institute, the U.S. Department of Justice, and a
Blue-Ribbon panel convened by the San Francisco District Attorney’s Office
which all
identified a plethora of racially biased practices
in SFPD’s stops, searches, arrests, use of deadly force, and data collection.
The Blue Ribbon panel documented how several
SFPD officers exchanged racist text messages, which referred to Black people
using the N-word and “savages,” and referencing cross burnings. Thus,
the SFPD has carried on the American tradition of dehumanizing Black people for
an activity often ignored when engaged in by white people.
For 40 years, prohibition has been a major driver of America’s gargantuan jail and prison population, done little to curb drug abuse and distribution, wasted billions of dollars, militarized the police, and caused grievous harm to communities and families it was pretending to help.
Ultimately, the only solution to the issue in San Francisco,
as in most American cities, is to shrink the size, reach, and responsibilities
of the police department, and decriminalize the use and possession of drugs. Until
then, hopefully, this settlement, which builds upon a long-documented history
of racism in the SFPD, will create a process through which the police can be
held more accountable and contribute to ending the SFPD’s harmful and
humiliating enforcement practices targeting the Black community.